Approach of the Program
The macro-regimen of development
is not an international law category.
It is, above all, an approach that strengthens the nexus between a series of
international agreements, protocols, treaties, conventions and action agendas
aimed at achieving the sustainability of development processes, to optimize
the design, implementation and analysis of good practices in the context of
climate change.
Under this consideration and taking into account climate action
and NDCs, the following stand out: the Paris Agreement, the SDGs of the 2030
Agenda, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification, the Sendai Framework for Action and the Addis Ababa Agenda,
for their comprehensive, prospective and multidimensional vision of development.
The Paris Agreement
The adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 during the Twenty-first Conference of the Parties (COP 21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) marked a turning point in the fight against climate change.
Generalities
The Agreement was approved by 196 countries that committed to take short-, medium- and long-term measures to keep the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to join efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C.
The Agreement's statutes call on countries to increase their capacity to adapt to climate change, boost climate resilience and promote social and economic development by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, taking into account sustainable development and poverty eradication.
In this context, the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) constitute policy instruments where strategies and actions converge to meet the objectives and statutes of the Paris Agreement.
The NDC
They are an instrument through which each country presents the initiatives and strategies that will implement to reduce its GHG emissions, promote adaptation to climate change, identify sources and measures of financing and the necessary national actions to strengthen climate resilience.
This initiative not only established an overview to redirect efforts in the fight against change climate.
It also represented an alternative to promote governance and sovereignty of States to propose climate actions, including:
Reduction objectives
GHG
Action plans
(mitigation and adaptation)
Sources
of financing.
The countries' proposals were negotiated during COP 21 to be approved and build a general scheme that all countries would follow to join forces in the fight against climate change. In this sense, the NDCs represent the instrument to measure, monitor and follow up on the progress of each country in the area of of climate change. They also function as materials for consultation and exchange of experiences at the institutional, national and regional level.